Using novel methods based on quantum technology and general relativity provides a major benefit for satellite geodesy, gravimetric Earth observation and reference systems and greatly supports the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) goals in a unique way. These novel concepts include the application of atom interferometry for realizing quantum gravimetry/gradiometry, the enhanced use of laser interferometry for inter-satellite tracking and accelerometry at future gravity field missions, and relativistic geodesy with clocks for the determination of gravity potential differences via gravitational redshift measurements. 

In close collaboration between physics and geodesy, the high potential of quantum technology and novel measurement concepts for various innovative applications in geodesy and geosciences is studied within major research programs like the DFG SFB “Relativistic and Quantum-Based Geodesy (TerraQ)” or the IAG project “Novel Sensors and Quantum Technology for Geodesy (QuGe)”. We briefly illustrate those novel techniques and the beneficial application of the new methods for gravimetric Earth observation in space and on ground such as the direct determination of physical heights and the monitoring of mass variations using clock networks or gravimeters. Realizing these innovative methods is key to quantify climate change processes (groundwater changes, ice mass loss, seal level rise, etc.) with largely increased precision and resolution.